Python Roadmap
A step-by-step Python roadmap: what to learn in order, the related skills and the best places to learn each step.
The stack, end to end
- Backend: Python, Lists, dictionaries and sets, Functions and modules, Virtual environments, FastAPI, Flask, Django, REST APIs in Python
- Data: pandas, NumPy, Data cleaning, Jupyter notebooks, Data visualisation
- Testing: Unit testing, Integration testing, Test-driven development
Python
Python is readable, popular and used for web, automation, data and AI. Learn the syntax, data structures, functions, files, errors, virtual environments and packages.
Skills
- Python
- Lists, dictionaries and sets
- Functions and modules
- Virtual environments
Tips
- Automate something boring in your own life. It keeps motivation high.
Where to learn
- Python tutorial (official) (docs, free)
- Automate the Boring Stuff with Python (book, free)
Python for data: pandas and NumPy
Load, clean, reshape and summarise data with pandas and NumPy, and draw charts with Matplotlib or similar. Notebooks let you show your working.
Skills
- pandas
- NumPy
- Data cleaning
- Jupyter notebooks
- Data visualisation
Tips
- Pick a public dataset you care about and publish a short write-up of what you found.
Where to learn
- pandas: Getting started (docs, free)
- Kaggle Learn (course, free)
- NumPy: Learn (docs, free)
Python web frameworks
Build web APIs and sites with a framework such as FastAPI, Flask or Django. Learn routing, templates or JSON responses, database access and authentication.
Skills
- FastAPI
- Flask
- Django
- REST APIs in Python
Tips
- Pick one framework and finish a project before comparing the others.
Where to learn
- FastAPI tutorial (docs, free)
- Django tutorial (docs, free)
- Flask quickstart (docs, free)
Unit and integration testing
Automated tests catch mistakes early and let you change code with confidence. Learn to write unit tests, use mocks sensibly and test your API and database together.
Skills
- Unit testing
- Integration testing
- Test-driven development
Tips
- Write a test for every bug you fix so it cannot come back unnoticed.
Where to learn
- The Practical Test Pyramid (book, free)
- pytest documentation (docs, free)
- JUnit 5 user guide (docs, free)
Frequently asked questions
Where should I start with Python?
Start at step 1 and work down in order, because later steps build on earlier ones. If you are signed in, the roadmap compares your resume with each step and marks where you could start.
Is Python worth learning?
Check how many job adverts in your area mention Python, and whether it fits the kind of work you want. This roadmap shows what to learn; the Browse jobs page shows what employers are asking for.
How do I know I am ready to apply?
When you can build a small project from start to finish without copying a tutorial, and explain why you made your choices. Apply while you keep learning; you do not need to know everything.